SQL Syntax

Here is the syntax for the SQL SELECT statement that the SQL parser recognizes.

Considerations

• SQL syntax is case insensitive.
• Field and table names are case sensitive

Legend

• [ x ] - Optional (one or none)
• [, x ... ] - Optional additional values, in a comma-separated list
• x | y - Choose one. Curly braces are added when needed: { x | y } ...
• CAPITALIZED - SQL Keyword (case insensitive)
• italicized - Value you supply. (Table names and column names are case-sensitive)

SELECT Statement

In a select statement, you designate one more columns separated by commas (or "*" for all columns), plus a table or join to get the data from, and additional options:

Example

<syntaxhighlight lang="sql" enclose="div">

SELECT * FROM Customers </syntaxhighlight>

Syntax

SELECT

[DISTINCT]

[(] column_expr [, column_expr ...] [)]

FROM tables

[WHERE where_clause]

[GROUP BY col_name [ASC|DESC]  [, col_name [ASC|DESC] ...]

[WITH ROLLUP]

[HAVING where_clause]

]

[ORDER BY col_name [ASC|DESC]  [, col_name [ASC|DESC] ...]

[LIMIT {maximum_rows | offset, maximum_rows} ]

where:

DISTINCT

Eliminates duplicate rows from the result set.

For example: DISTINCT(customer_name, address)

(Parentheses are optional, but must be matched if present.)

HAVING

Is only allowed as part of GROUP BY, for performance reasons. (WHERE does the same thing outside of a GROUP BY clause, only more efficiently.)

ASC

Ascending (the default).

DESC

Descending.

maximum_rows

Maximum number of rows to return.

offset

The row to start from. Offset for the first row is zero (0).

Learn more:: MySQL Select Statement syntax

column_expr

*  |  table_alias.*  |  col_name [ [AS] col_alias ]  |  expr [AS] col_alias

where:

col_alias

Used for the column name in the result set in the SQL Browser, or for the tag name in the REST execSQL resource.

Required when an expression is specified.

Can be used as a field name in a group_by_clause or order_by_clause.

For example:

SELECT CONCAT(last_name,', ',first_name) AS full_name

FROM Customer_Contacts ORDER BY full_name;

tables

Example

<syntaxhighlight lang="sql" enclose="div">

... </syntaxhighlight>

Syntax

[(] table [, table ...] [)]

table

  table_name [ [AS] alias ]

| join_table

join_table

table [INNER | LEFT | RIGHT] JOIN tables

[ON on_clause]

on_clause

on_condition [ {AND|OR} on_condition ...]

on_condition

  table.col_name IS [NOT] NULL

| table.col_name = table.col_name

| table.col_name != table.col_name

| ( on_clause )

where:

• table (name or alias) is required

where_clause

An expression that evaluates to true or false for a row. When true, the row is selected.

Example

<syntaxhighlight lang="sql" enclose="div">

... </syntaxhighlight>

Syntax

condition [ {AND|OR} condition ...]

condition

  expr IS [NOT] NULL

| expr [NOT] LIKE wildcard_string

| expr [NOT] REGEXP pattern_string

| expr [NOT] IN (expr [, expr ...])

| expr = expr

| expr < expr

| expr > expr

| expr != expr

| expr <= expr

| expr >= expr

expr

  string

| number

| date/tim

| column_name

| SQL Function

| + expr

| - expr

| (expr [, expr ...] )

string

...

number

...

date/time

...

wildcard_string

...

pattern_string

...

group_by_clause

Example

<syntaxhighlight lang="sql" enclose="div">

... </syntaxhighlight>

Syntax

GROUP BY column_name [ASC | DESC]  [ , column_name [ASC | DESC] ... ]  [ WITH ROLLUP ]

where:

ASC

Ascending (the default).

DESC

Descending.

order_by_clause

Example

<syntaxhighlight lang="sql" enclose="div">

... </syntaxhighlight>

Syntax

ORDER BY column_name [ASC | DESC]  [ , column_name [ASC | DESC] ... ]

where:

ASC

Ascending (the default).

DESC

Descending.

limit_clause

Example

<syntaxhighlight lang="sql" enclose="div">

... </syntaxhighlight>

Syntax

maximum_rows  |  offset, maximum_rows

where:

maximum_rows

Maximum number of rows to return.

offset

The row to start from. Offset for the first row is zero (0).